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1.
Psicol. ciênc. prof ; 43: e264477, 2023. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, INDEXPSI | ID: biblio-1529199

ABSTRACT

A inclusão educacional de estudantes com autismo e/ou deficiência intelectual no ensino regular, em classe comum, evidencia a urgência de programas de formação docente em práticas educacionais baseadas em evidências. O objetivo foi avaliar a estrutura de um processo formativo remoto para elaboração, aplicação e avaliação de uma intervenção comportamental na perspectiva educacional inclusiva e, mais especificamente, caracterizar as atitudes sociais de agentes educacionais participantes da formação. A formação ocorreu em dois formatos. No primeiro, todo o material foi disponibilizado em uma pasta virtual compartilhada e, no segundo, em um Ambiente Virtual de Aprendizagem (AVA). Nos dois formatos, a estrutura contou com parte teórica e prática, por meio de leitura de textos, realização de exercícios e discussões. Na parte prática, participantes tiveram a oportunidade de trabalhar com famílias e estudantes (crianças e jovens) com autismo e/ou deficiência intelectual visando identificar as necessidades e prioridades da família para elaboração colaborativa de um plano de intervenção (sistematização de práticas), implementação e análise das práticas. Para a caracterização da amostra foram levantadas informações pessoais, experiências prévias, familiaridade com ferramentas tecnológicas, conhecimento sobre os conceitos teóricos da Análise do Comportamento. Foi feita uma caracterização das atitudes sociais em relação à inclusão e analisada a validade social de participantes sobre a formação. Os resultados da formação identificaram correlações entre o nível de atitudes sociais e o engajamento nas atividades práticas entregues, além da relação entre o número de participantes que concluíram a formação, o cumprimento de tarefas e dificuldades de contato com a família. O estudo discutiu sobre estratégias que tenham em vista possibilidades de escalabilidade da formação docente de maneira sistemática e científica nesta área de atuação profissional.(AU)


The educational inclusion of students with autism and/or intellectual disabilities in regular education has highlighted the urgency of initial and continuing education programs with evidence-based educational practices. The objective was to evaluate the structure of a remote training process for the elaboration, application and evaluation of a behavioral intervention in the inclusive educational perspective and, complementarily, a specific objective was to characterize the social attitudes of educational agents participating in the training. The training took place in two formats. In the first, all material was made available in a shared folder and in the second, in a Virtual Learning Environment (VLE). In both formats, the structure had a theoretical and practical part, by reading and carrying out exercises and discussions. In the practical part, participants had the opportunity to work with families and students with autism and/or intellectual disability to identify the needs and priorities of the family for the collaborative elaboration of an intervention plan (systematization of practices), implementation and analysis of practices. For the characterization of the sample, personal information, previous experiences, familiarity with technological tools, and knowledge about the theoretical concepts of Behavior Analysis were collected. A characterization of social attitudes towards inclusion was carried out and the social validity of participants regarding training was analyzed. The results of the training identified correlations between the level of social attitudes and engagement in the practical activities delivered, in addition to the relationship between the drop in the number of participants, the fulfillment of tasks and difficulties in contacting the family. The study discussed strategies that aim at possibilities of scaling continuing education in a systematic and scientific way in this area of professional activity.(AU)


La inclusión educativa de estudiantes con autismo y/o discapacidad intelectual en la educación regular, en aulas regulares, ha puesto de relieve la urgencia de programas de educación inicial y continua en prácticas educativas basadas en evidencia. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la estructura de un proceso de formación a distancia para la elaboración, aplicación y evaluación de una intervención conductual en la perspectiva educativa inclusiva y, de forma complementaria, el objetivo específico fue caracterizar las actitudes sociales de los agentes educativos participantes en la formación. La capacitación se llevó a cabo en dos formatos. En el primer, todo el material estaba disponible en una carpeta compartida y, en el segundo, en un entorno virtual de aprendizaje (EVA). En los dos formatos, la estructura tuvo una parte teórica y práctica, mediante la lectura de textos, la realización de ejercicios y discusiones. En la parte práctica, los participantes tuvieron la oportunidad de trabajar con las familias y los alumnos con autismo y/o discapacidad intelectual con el fin de identificar las necesidades y prioridades de la familia para la elaboración colaborativa de un plan de intervención (sistematización de prácticas), su implementación y el análisis de prácticas. Para la caracterización de la muestra, se planteó información personal, experiencias previas, familiaridad con herramientas tecnológicas, conocimiento sobre los conceptos teóricos del análisis de comportamiento. Se realizó una caracterización de las actitudes sociales hacia la inclusión y se analizó la validez social de los participantes respecto a la formación. Los resultados de la capacitación identificaron correlaciones entre el nivel de actitudes sociales y el compromiso en las actividades prácticas impartidas, además de la relación entre la disminución del número de participantes, el cumplimiento de las tareas y las dificultades de contacto con la familia. Este estudio discutió estrategias que apuntan a posibilidades de escalar la formación docente de forma sistemática y científica en esta área de actuación profesional.(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Patient Care Team , Autistic Disorder , Mainstreaming, Education , Education, Special , Architectural Accessibility , Prejudice , Proprioception , Psychology , Psychomotor Performance , Remedial Teaching , Attention , Social Change , Social Conditions , Social Environment , Socialization , Stereotyping , Verbal Behavior , Behavior and Behavior Mechanisms , Behavior Therapy , Software , Neurosciences , Adaptation, Psychological , Comorbidity , Child , Child Development Disorders, Pervasive , Child, Gifted , Child Rearing , Family Characteristics , Public Health , Efficacy , Surveys and Questionnaires , Adolescent , Civil Rights , Disabled Persons , Total Quality Management , Cognition , Competency-Based Education , Self Efficacy , Biomedical Technology , Disaster Vulnerability , Personal Autonomy , Echolalia , Education , Educational Measurement , Educational Status , Ego , Postural Balance , Scientific and Technical Activities , Equity , Social Discrimination , Inventions , Social Skills , Literacy , Neurodevelopmental Disorders , Orientation, Spatial , Applied Behavior Analysis , Socioeconomic Rights , Respect , Psychosocial Functioning , Psychosocial Intervention , Functional Status , Models, Biopsychosocial , Diversity, Equity, Inclusion , Human Development , Human Rights , Jurisprudence , Memory , Minority Groups
2.
Rev. saúde pública (Online) ; 57: 21, 2023. tab, graf
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1432146

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To investigate the factors associated with the early diagnosis of autism and other types of pervasive developmental disorder (PDD) in children treated at the Psychosocial Care Center for Children and Adolescents of the Unified Health System, from 2013 to 2019,in Brazil. METHODS An exploratory cross-sectional study, based on data from the Record of Outpatient Health Actions (RAAS) of the first appointment of children aged 1 to 12 years. The gross (RRg) and adjusted (RRa) relative risks and respective 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) were estimated using the Poisson regression model with robust variance estimation. RESULTS Of the 22,483 children included in the study, the majority were male (81.9%), lived in the same municipality where they were diagnosed (96.8%) and in the Southeast region (57.7%). Early diagnosis was higher for childhood autism (RRg = 1.48; 95%CI 1.27-1.71) , PDD without subtype designation (RRg = 1.55; 95%CI 1.34-1.80), other PDD (RRg = 1.48; 95%CI 1.21-1.81) and PDD not otherwise specified (RRg = 1.44; 95%CI 1.22-1.69) than for atypical autism. Children residing in the same municipality where the diagnosis was made had a higher rate of early diagnosis (RRg = 1.31; 95%CI 1.10-1.55) than the others; as well as those referred by primary care (RRg = 1.51; 95%CI 1.37-1.68) and by spontaneous demand (RRg = 1.45; 95%CI 1.31-1.61) than those from other types of referral. Early diagnosis was higher from 2014 and lower in the North region than in the other regions. In the multiple analysis, the magnitude of RRa was similar to that of RRg. CONCLUSIONS Early identification of autism and other PDD has improved in Brazil, but it still represents about 30% of the diagnoses made. The variables included in the model were significant, but still explain little of the early diagnosis of children with autism and other PDD.


RESUMO OBJETIVO Investigar os fatores associados ao diagnóstico precoce do autismo e de outros tipos de transtorno global do desenvolvimento (TGD) de crianças atendidas no Centro de Atenção Psicossocial Infantojuvenil do Sistema Único de Saúde, no período de 2013 a 2019, no Brasil. MÉTODOS Estudo transversal exploratório, com base nos dados do Registro das Ações Ambulatoriais de Saúde (RAAS) do primeiro atendimento de crianças de 1 a 12 anos. Foram estimados o risco relativo bruto (RRb) e ajustado (RRa), e respectivo intervalo de confiança de 95% (IC95%), utilizando o modelo de regressão de Poisson com estimativa de variância robusta. RESULTADOS Das 22.483 crianças incluídas no estudo, a maioria era do sexo masculino (81,9%), residia no mesmo município em que foi diagnosticada (96,8%) e na região Sudeste (57,7%). O diagnóstico precoce foi maior para autismo infantil (RRb= 1,48; IC95% 1,27-1,71), TGD sem designação de subtipo (RRb= 1,55; IC95% 1,34-1,80), outros TGD (RRb= 1,48; IC95% 1,21-1,81) e TGD não especificado (RRb= 1,44; IC95% 1,22-1,69) do que para autismo atípico. As crianças que residiam no mesmo município onde foi realizado o diagnóstico tiveram maior índice de diagnóstico precoce (RRb= 1,31; IC95% 1,10-1,55) do que as demais; bem como aquelas encaminhadas pela atenção básica (RRb= 1,51; IC95% 1,37-1,68) e por demanda espontânea (RRb= 1,45; IC95% 1,31-1,61) do que as oriundas de outros tipos de encaminhamento. O diagnóstico precoce foi maior a partir de 2014 e menor na região Norte quando comparada às demais. Na análise múltipla, a magnitude do RRafoi similar ao do RRb. CONCLUSÕES A identificação precoce de autismo e outros TGD tem melhorado no país, mas ainda representa cerca de 30% dos diagnósticos realizados. As variáveis incluídas no modelo foram significativas, mas ainda explicam pouco do diagnóstico precoce de crianças com autismo e outros TGD.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Unified Health System , Child Development Disorders, Pervasive , Early Diagnosis , Analytical Epidemiology , Autism Spectrum Disorder/epidemiology , Psychosocial Support Systems
3.
Psicol. USP ; 34: e210002, 2023. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, INDEXPSI | ID: biblio-1431116

ABSTRACT

Resumo Este artigo descreve a incidência acumulada e as características das crianças de até 12 anos com transtorno global do desenvolvimento (TGD) atendidas no CAPSi. Realizou-se estudo transversal descritivo, utilizando o Registro de Ações Ambulatoriais de Saúde. Avaliou-se a incidência acumulada de TGD no período 2013-2019 e tendência temporal das características das crianças e do atendimento pelo método de Prais-Winsten. Identificaram-se 23.657 registros de primeiro atendimento, mas 10,8% sem seguimento. A incidência acumulada foi de 13,2/10.000, com ampla variação entre municípios e grandes regiões, embora vários sem registro de casos. Observou-se queda no percentual de primeiro atendimento, com incremento médio anual de 17,8%. A maioria das crianças foi atendida no município de residência (96,8%) e recebeu diagnóstico inicial de autismo infantil (30,6%), embora 54,0% sem TGD especificado no primeiro atendimento. Apenas 30,2% foram diagnosticadas até três anos de idade. A garantia do cuidado na atenção especializada e o diagnóstico precoce permanecem como desafios.


Abstract This article describes the accumulated incidence and characteristics of children until 12 years old with global developmental disorder (TGD) treated at CAPSi. A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out using Register of Outpatient Health Actions. Cumulative incidence of TGD in the period 2013-2019 and the temporal trend of characteristics of children and care were evaluated using the Prais-Winsten method. It were identificated 23,657 records with first care, but 10.8% without follow-up. The cumulative incidence was 13.2/10,000, with wide variation between municipalities and large regions although several without record of cases. There was decrease in the percentage of first appointment, with an average annual increase of -17.8%. Most children were attended to in the municipality of residence (96.8%) and initially diagnosed as autism (30.6%), although 54.0% hadn't TGD specified in the first appointment. Only 30.2% were diagnosed until three years old. Ensuring care in specialized care and early diagnosis remain challenges.


Resumen Este artículo describe la incidencia acumulada y características de los niños hasta 12 años con trastorno del desarrollo global (TGD) tratados en CAPSi. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo transversal, utilizando Registro de Acciones Ambulatorias de Salud. Se evaluó la incidencia acumulada de TGD en período 2013-2019 y tendencia temporal de características de niños y cuidado, utilizando método Prais-Winsten. Se identificaron 23.657 registros con primera asistencia, pero 10,8% sin seguimiento. La tasa acumulada fue 13,2/10.000, con amplia variación entre municipios y grandes regiones, aunque varias sin registro de casos. No hubo descenso en porcentaje de primeras visitas, con incremento medio anual del -17,8%. La mayoría de niños fueron atendidos en municipio de residencia (96,8%) y diagnosticados de autismo (30,6%), aunque el 54,0% no tenía TGD especificado en primera visita. Solo 30,2% fueron diagnosticados hasta los tres años de edad. Asegurar la atención en cuidados especiales y diagnóstico precoz temprano como desafíos.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Child Development Disorders, Pervasive/diagnosis , Mental Health Services , Unified Health System , Incidence , Cross-Sectional Studies
4.
Psicol. ciênc. prof ; 42: e230191, 2022.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, INDEXPSI | ID: biblio-1356587

ABSTRACT

Este artigo objetiva compreender a relação entre o prescrito na legislação brasileira para o desenvolvimento do trabalho nas salas de recursos multifuncionais (SRM) e a realidade do trabalho na rede municipal de ensino de uma cidade do Nordeste brasileiro, além de mostrar como se mobilizam subjetivamente as professoras desse local frente às condições e organização do trabalho que lhes são impostas. As SRM são espaços instituídos nas escolas públicas brasileiras para atender ao direito universal à educação aos que apresentam deficiências, transtornos globais do desenvolvimento, altas habilidades ou superdotação, por meio do Atendimento Educacional Especializado (AEE). É um serviço recente e pouco conhecido nacionalmente; por isso, é permeado de nuances e desafios que somente as docentes executantes conseguem externar. A pesquisa adotou a Psicodinâmica do Trabalho (PDT) como arcabouço teórico-metodológico e usou, como método de coleta de dados, visitas institucionais e encontros coletivos de discussão. Oito SRM foram visitadas na etapa da observação e 4 professoras participaram do grupo de discussão coletiva. Os resultados demonstraram que as docentes "se desdobram" para dar conta da defasagem entre o prescrito e a realidade do trabalho no AEE. Diante dos constrangimentos e da sobrecarga relacionados à organização do trabalho, vivenciam constantes sofrimentos patológicos e criativos, portanto, se mostraram ativas nas escolas. Há um adoecimento psíquico atrelado ao fazer dessas docentes, algumas das quais pediram para deixar o AEE.(AU)


This article aims to understand the relationship between what is prescribed in Brazilian legislation for the development of work in the Multifunctional Resource Rooms (SRMs) and the real work of the municipal education network of a city in the northeast of Brazil, and show how these teachers subjectively mobilize in view of the conditions and organization of work imposed on them. The Multifunctional Resource Rooms (SRMs) are established spaces in Brazilian public schools to comply with the universal right to education to those with disabilities, global developmental disorders, high skills, or gifts by the Specialized Educational Assistance (SEA). It's a recent service and barely known nationally, and that is why it is permeated by nuances and challenges that only the acting teachers can externalize. The search adopted the Psychodynamics of Work as a theoretical-methodological framework and institutional visits and collective discussion meetings as method of data collection. We visited eight SRMs during the observational stage and four teachers participated in the collective discussion meetings. The results showed that the teachers make do to account for the gap between the prescribed and the actual work of SEA. They confront the embarrassment and the overload related to the work organization that keep them in constant pathological and creative suffering for them to show themselves as active in schools. The work of these teachers is tied to a worsening psychic condition leading some to request to leave the SEA.(AU)


Este artículo tiene como objetivo comprender la relación entre lo prescrito por la legislación brasileña en cuanto al desarrollo del trabajo en las Salas de Recursos Multifuncionales (SRM) y el trabajo real de la red de educación municipal de una ciudad del noreste de Brasil, así como mostrar cómo movilizar a los profesores de este lugar en vista de las condiciones y organización del trabajo que se les imponen. Las SRM son espacios instituidos en las escuelas públicas brasileñas para atender el derecho universal a la educación a quienes presentan discapacidades, trastornos globales del desarrollo, altas habilidades o superdotación, mediante la Atención Educativa Especializada (AEE). Este es un servicio reciente y poco conocido en el país; por eso es permeado de matices y desafíos que solamente las docentes ejecutantes consiguen externar. La investigación adoptó la Psicodinámica del Trabajo como base teórico-metodológico y como método de recolección de datos las visitas institucionales y encuentros colectivos de discusión. Ocho SRM fueron visitadas en la etapa de observación y cuatro profesoras participaron en el grupo de discusión colectiva. Los resultados demostraron que las docentes trabajan mucho para dar cuenta del retraso entre lo prescrito y la realidad del trabajo en la AEE. Ante las restricciones y la sobrecarga laboral, vivencian sufrimientos patológicos y creativos, pero se mostraron activas en las escuelas. Hay una enfermedad psíquica sujeta al hacer de estas docentes, y algunas de ellas solicitaron salir de la AEE.(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Work , Mental Health , Education , Faculty , Psychotherapy, Psychodynamic , Mainstreaming, Education , Child Development Disorders, Pervasive , Child, Exceptional , Child, Gifted , Child Health , Disease , Disabled Children , Growth and Development , Interdisciplinary Research , Mental Health Assistance , Multitasking Behavior , Learning
5.
Med. infant ; 28(1): 3-9, Marzo 2021. ilus, Tab
Article in Spanish | BINACIS, UNISALUD, LILACS | ID: biblio-1282207

ABSTRACT

Introducción: Existen pocos estudios sobre la evolución del retraso global del desarrollo (RGD), por lo que se cuestiona su valor pronóstico. Objetivo: Describir la evolución cognitiva en la edad escolar de niños con diagnóstico inicial de RGD. Pacientes y Métodos: Estudio observacional, transversal, con análisis prospectivo y retrospectivo. Fueron incluidos niños de seis a once años de edad, con diagnóstico previo de RGD. La variable punto final fue la presencia o no del déficit cognitivo (menor a dos desvíos estándares en las pruebas cognitivas), se realizó análisis con el paquete estadístico R. Resultados: Se estudiaron 150 pacientes con diagnóstico inicial de RGD, 86 con compromiso leve y 64 moderado-severo. El déficit cognitivo persistió en 75 pacientes (50%), 34.8% en el grupo leve y 70.3% en el moderado-severo Del resto, un 13% tuvo rendimiento promedio, un 20%, limítrofe y el 17% perfil discrepante. El análisis univariado identificó cuatro factores de riesgo asociados a persistencia del compromiso cognitivo: el grado de compromiso inicial moderado/severo (OR 4,59, 2,24-9,78), el tiempo de tratamiento menor a tres años (OR 2,30 1,02-5,34), las necesidades básicas insatisfechas (OR 1,62 0,76-3,47) y la presencia de síndrome genético (OR 2,99 1,09-8,99). El modelo de regresión logística con mayor poder explicativo incluyó estas cuatro variables (p 0.9998). Conclusiones: La trayectoria cognitiva mostró un 50 % de persistencia del déficit cognitivo. El grado de compromiso inicial, la duración del tratamiento, las necesidades básicas insatisfechas y la presencia de un síndrome genético asociado mostraron asociación con la persistencia del mismo (AU)


Introduction: Studies on the outcome of global developmental delay (GDD) are scarce, and therefore, their prognostic value is questionable. Objective: To describe the cognitive outcome at school age of children initially diagnosed with GDD. Patients and Methods: Cross-sectional, observational study with a prospective and retrospective analysis. Children between six and 11 years of age with a previous diagnosis of GDD were included. The endpoint variable was the presence or not of a cognitive deficit (two standard deviations below the mean on cognitive tests). Analyses were performed using the R Statistical Software. Results: 150 patients with an initial diagnosis of GDD were studied, 86 with mild and 64 with moderate-to-severe involvement. The cognitive deficit persisted in 75 patients (50%); 34.8% of whom were in the mild and 70.3% in the moderate-to-severe group. Of the remaining patients, performance was average in 13%, borderline in 20%, and the profile was discrepant in 17%. Univariate analysis identified four risk factors associated with persistence of the cognitive deficit: initial moderate-to-severe degree of the deficit (OR 4.59, 2.24-9.78), treatment duration less than three years (OR 2.30, 1.02-5.34), unsatisfied basic needs (OR 1.62, 0.76- 3.47), and presence of a genetic syndrome (OR 2.99, 1.09-8.99). The logistic regression model with the strongest explanatory power included these four variables (p 0.9998). Conclusions: In 50% the cognitive course showed a persistent cognitive deficit. The degree of initial compromise, treatment duration, unsatisfied basic needs, and presence of a genetic syndrome were associated with persistence of the deficit. (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Child , Child Development , Child Development Disorders, Pervasive/complications , Child Development Disorders, Pervasive/diagnosis , Risk Factors , Intellectual Disability/diagnosis , Prospective Studies , Retrospective Studies
6.
Physis (Rio J.) ; 31(2): e310221, 2021. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1287537

ABSTRACT

Abstract The study describes the profile of children and adolescents with pervasive developmental disorders (PDD) attended at the Psychosocial Care Centers (CAPS) and professionals from these establishments in Brazil and regions. It uses data from the Outpatient Information System of the Unified Health System (SIA/SUS) and the National System of Health Establishments System (SCNES) in 2014-2017. The SIA/SUS was deterministically linked with the SCNES, based on the establishment number. PDD cases were individualized using a variable coded SUS card; 18,852 diagnoses of PDD were recorded in CAPS, most of them by spontaneous demand, 73.2% performed in CAPSi, 50.3% in the age group of 1-6 years old, 80% male and highest proportions of females over 13 years (p <0.001). PDD was not specified in 54.3% of the diagnoses; autistic disorder was the most common PDD (27.2%). Professional teams vary by CAPS type; Procedures of communicative practices and psychosocial rehabilitation were not expressive (10.3%). It was concluded that studies are necessary to clarify a high spontaneous demand, to understand treatment outside CAPSi and to define parameters to evaluate if the procedures used are appropriated for the therapeutic project and possibilities monitoring and evaluate the care of people with PDD.


Resumo O estudo descreve o perfil de crianças e adolescentes com transtorno do desenvolvimento global (TGD) atendidas nos Centros de Atenção Psicossocial (CAPS) e profissionais destes estabelecimentos no Brasil e regiões. Utiliza dados do Sistema de Informações Ambulatoriais do Sistema Único de Saúde (SIA/SUS) e do Sistema Cadastro Nacional de Estabelecimentos de Saúde (SCNES) de 2014-2017. Relacionou-se deterministicamente as bases SIA/SUS e SCNES, usando o número do estabelecimento, os casos de TGD foram individualizados utilizando a variável cartão SUS codificada. Foram registrados 18.852 diagnósticos de TGD nos CAPS, a maioria por demanda espontânea, 73,2% realizadas em CAPSi, 50,3% na faixa etária de 1-6 anos, 80% do sexo masculino e maiores proporções de casos femininos a partir de 13 anos (p<0,001). Em 54,3% dos diagnósticos não foi especificado o tipo de TGD, sendo o autismo o mais frequente (27,2%) dentre os especificados. As equipes profissionais variaram segundo tipo de CAPS. Procedimentos de práticas comunicativas e reabilitação psicossocial foram pouco expressivas (10,3%). Conclui-se pela necessidade de estudos para esclarecer a alta demanda espontânea, os atendimentos fora do CAPSi e de se estabelecer parâmetros para avaliar se os procedimentos estão adequados ao projeto terapêutico permitindo monitorar e avaliar o atendimento às pessoas com TGD.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Young Adult , Child Development Disorders, Pervasive , Autism Spectrum Disorder , Mental Health Services , Unified Health System , Brazil , Child Health , Health Personnel , Adolescent Health
7.
Estilos clín ; 26(2)2021.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, INDEXPSI | ID: biblio-1444568

ABSTRACT

Sob o império das neurociências, das terapias comportamentais e da medicalização na infância, a clínica dos distúrbios de aprendizagem inaugurada por Sara Pain está em desuso. A compreensão da função da ignorância na articulação do triângulo pai-mãe-filho e os significantes que a representam não encontram mais eco nos cursos de formação em psicopedagogia. O presente artigo apresenta o estudo de caso deum adolescente com problemas de aprendizagem e graves impasses na sua constituição subjetiva que revisita, justamente, aquele saber fazer psicopedagógico a meio caminho entre o conhecimento e o desejo. Indiretamente, denuncia a falácia do discurso da inclusão escolar disseminado na escola, que, ao desconhecer a dimensão do inconsciente, dificulta ao educando assumir outra posição subjetiva que não a de "deficiente"


Bajo el imperio de las neurociencias, las terapias conductuales y la medicalización en la infancia, la clínica de trastornos del aprendizaje inaugurada por Sara Pain está en desuso. La comprensión del papel de la ignorancia en la articulación del triángulo padre-madre-hijo y los significantes que la representan ya no encuentra eco en los cursos de capacitación en psicopedagogía. Este artículo presenta el caso de estudio de un adolescente con problemas de aprendizaje y graves impases en su constitución subjetiva que revisa, precisamente, ese saber hacer psicopedagógico a medio camino entre el conocimiento y el deseo. Indirectamente, denuncia la falacia del discurso de inclusión escolar difundido en la escuela que, al ignorar la dimensión del inconsciente, dificulta que el alumno asuma otra posición subjetiva que la de "discapacitado"


Under the empire of neuroscience, behavioral therapies, and medicalization in childhood, the learning disorders clinic inaugurated by Sara Pain is in disuse. The understanding of the role of ignorance in the articulation of the father-mother-child triangle and the signifiers that represent it no longer find an echo in training courses in psychopedagogy. This article presents the case study of an adolescent with learning problems and serious impasses in his subjective constitution that revisits, precisely, that psycho-pedagogical know-how halfway between knowledge and desire. Indirectly, it denounces the fallacy of the discourse of school inclusion disseminated at school, which, by ignoring the dimension of the unconscious, makes it difficult for the student to assume another subjective position than that of "disabled"


Sous l'empire des neurosciences, des thérapies comportementales et de la médicalisation de l'enfance, la clinique des troubles d ́apprentissage inaugurée par Sara Pain est en désuétude. La compréhension du rôle de l'ignorance dans l'articulation du triangle père-mère-enfant et des signifiants qui le représentent ne trouvent plus d'écho dans les formations en psychopédagogie. Cet article présente l'étude de cas d'un adolescent en difficulté d'apprentissage et en graves impasses dans sa constitution subjective qui revisite, justement, ce savoir-faire psychopédagogique à mi-chemin entre la connaissance et le désir. Indirectement, il dénonce l'erreur du discours de l'inclusion scolaire diffusé à l'école, qui, en ignorant la dimension de l'inconscient, rend difficile pour le élève d'assumer une autre position subjective que celle de «handicapé¼


Subject(s)
Male , Adolescent , Psychoanalysis , Psychology, Educational , Child Development Disorders, Pervasive , Consciousness , Learning Disabilities , Dependency, Psychological
8.
Texto & contexto enferm ; 28: e20170370, 2019. tab, graf
Article in English | BDENF, LILACS | ID: biblio-1004797

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Objective: to synthesize factors related to dysfunctions in the socioemotional development of infants. Method: integrative review carried out between April and August 2016 with defined criteria for inclusion and exclusion of studies, search strategies, extraction and synthesis of data. The exposure factors underwent categorical thematic analysis and systematization according to the levels of the context (Microsystem, Mesosystem, Exosystem and Macrosystem) of the Bioecological Model of Human Development. Results: in the context of the Microsystem and Mesosystem, the factors found were: limitations in care; adversities in family relationships and in the social support and illness situation of the caregivers that influence the proximal processes. In the Exosystem and the Macrosystem, they were: social vulnerabilities of caregivers and fragilities of public policies that determine the material and social conditions of the family. Conclusion: the synthesis of evidence on exposure factors favors the construction of measurement scales of the contextual elements related to the social emotional development of young children. Beyond the milestones, present or not, in the evaluation of a child, these technologies can be predictive, with great potential of anticipation of the factors of exposure and prevention of developmental dysfunctions.


RESUMEN Objetivo: sintetizar los factores relacionados con las disfunciones en el desarrollo socioemocional de los lactantes. Método: revisión integrativa realizada entre abril y agosto de 2016 con criterios definidos de inclusión y exclusión de los estudios, estrategias de búsqueda, extracción y síntesis de los datos. Los factores de exposición sufrieron análisis temáticos categorial y sistematización según los niveles del contexto (Microsistema, Mesosistema, Exossistema y Macrosistema) del modelo bioecológico de desarrollo humano. Resultados: en el contexto del Microsistema y Mesosistema, los factores encontrados fueron: limitaciones en el cuidado; adversidades en las relaciones familiares y en el apoyo social y situación de enfermedad de los cuidadores que influyen en los procesos proximales. En el Exossistema y en el Macrosistema, fueron: vulnerabilidades sociales de los cuidadores y fragilidades de las políticas públicas, que determinan las condiciones materiales y sociales de la familia. Conclusión: la síntesis de evidencias sobre los factores de exposición favorece la construcción de escalas de medida de los elementos contextuales relacionados al desarrollo socioemocional de niños pequeños. Mucho más allá de los marcos, presentes o no en la evaluación de un niño, esas tecnologías pueden ser predictivas, con gran potencial de anticipación de los factores de exposición y de prevención de las disfunciones en el desarrollo.


RESUMO Objetivo: sintetizar os fatores relacionados às disfunções no desenvolvimento socioemocional dos lactentes. Método: revisão integrativa realizada entre abril e agosto de 2016 com critérios definidos de inclusão e exclusão dos estudos, estratégias de busca, extração e síntese dos dados. Os fatores de exposição sofreram análise temática categorial e sistematização segundo os níveis do contexto (Microssistema, Mesossistema, Exossistema e Macrossistema) do Modelo Bioecológico de Desenvolvimento Humano. Resultados: no contexto do Microssistema e Mesossistema, os fatores encontrados foram: limitações no cuidado; adversidades nas relações familiares e no apoio social e situação de adoecimento dos cuidadores que influem nos processos proximais. No Exossistema e no Macrossistema, foram: vulnerabilidades sociais dos cuidadores e fragilidades das políticas públicas, que determinam as condições materiais e sociais da família. Conclusão: a síntese de evidências sobre os fatores de exposição favorece a construção de escalas de medida dos elementos contextuais relacionados ao desenvolvimento socioemocional de crianças pequenas. Muito além dos marcos, presentes ou não, na avaliação de uma criança, essas tecnologias podem ser preditivas, com grande potencial de antecipação dos fatores de exposição e de prevenção das disfunções no desenvolvimento.


Subject(s)
Humans , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Pediatric Nursing , Child Development , Developmental Disabilities , Child Development Disorders, Pervasive , Infant
9.
Bauru; s.n; 2017. 110 p. tab, graf.
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-884735

ABSTRACT

Os primeiros anos de vida são fundamentais para a predição do desenvolvimento infantil normativo. Quando diagnosticada alguma alteração precocemente, a estimulação adequada irá reduzir, minimizar ou sanar as consequências deletérias desta alteração promovendo melhor qualidade de vida e desenvolvimento futuro do lactente. Para o diagnóstico precoce de alterações no desenvolvimento infantil é indispensável avaliação detalhada de todas as áreas do desenvolvimento. A Escala de Desenvolvimento Mental de Griffiths III é um instrumento de diagnóstico envolvendo cinco áreas: Fundamentos do Aprendizado, Linguagem e Comunicação, Coordenação Olho-Mão, Pessoal-Social-Emocional e Motora Grossa. O objetivo foi realizar adaptação transcultural da Escala de Desenvolvimento Mental de Griffiths III e sua normatização para os lactentes brasileiros. Após cumprimentos dos aspectos éticos, foi realizada adaptação transcultural do instrumento seguindo as etapas: tradução por dois tradutores juramentados, do inglês para o português brasileiro; síntese das traduções; retrotradução por dois nativos do idioma inglês e fluentes no idioma português brasileiro; análise por comitê de especialistas; aplicação da versão pré-final em estudo piloto; envio da documentação para os autores da Escala original. Para normatização foram avaliados 216 lactentes, com desenvolvimento típico, comprovado pelo histórico coletado na anamnese, aplicação do protocolo de Observação do Comportamento Comunicativo e do Teste de Screening de Desenvolvimento Denver II. As características quanto ao gênero e classificação socioeconômica da casuística foi proporcional à realidade brasileira. Foi realizada análise descritiva do processo de adaptação transcultural e tratamento estatístico com aplicação do Teste de Mann-Whitney e correlação de Spearman. A normatização do desempenho dos lactentes brasileiros na EDMG III foi realizada por meio da progressão linear de uma faixa etária para a seguinte (mês a mês), com a utilização de valores de média e desvio padrão suavizados. O processo de adaptação transcultural foi seguido, com necessidade de mínimas adaptações mantendo equivalência semântica, idiomática, experimental e conceitual. Não houve diferença estatisticamente significante entre desempenho de meninos e meninas; houve correlação direta e significante entre escolaridade materna e condição socioeconômica; devido às particularidades da casuística, não foi observada correlação direta entre condição socioeconômica e desempenho na Escala; verificouse correlação forte, direta e estatisticamente significante entre o desempenho dos lactentes nas cinco subescalas. Após normatização dos dados, afirma-se que a Idade de Desenvolvimento se apresenta similar entre as Subescalas, seguindo um padrão de aumento na pontuação bruta de acordo com o aumento da idade cronológica, seguindo o curso do desenvolvimento típico. Concluiu-se que foi realizada a adaptação transcultural da Escala de desenvolvimento Mental Griffiths III de 0 a 72 meses, incluindo o Livro de Anotações e o Livro de Desenho. A normatização deste instrumento foi concluída para a faixa etária de 0 a 24 meses, com valores normativos referente à Idade de Desenvolvimento.(AU)


The first years of life are fundamental to the prediction of normative infant development. When an early diagnosis is made, adequate stimulation will reduce, minimize or remedy the deleterious consequences of this change, promoting better quality of life and future development of the infant. For the early diagnosis of changes in child development, a detailed evaluation of all areas of development is indispensable. The Griffiths Mental Development Scale III is a diagnostic tool involving five areas: Fundamentals of Learning, Language and Communication, Eye-Hand Coordination, Personal-Social-Emotional and Gross Motor. The objective was to perform transcultural adaptation of the Griffiths Mental Development Scale III and its normalization for Brazilian infants. After observing the ethical aspects, the transcultural adaptation of the instrument was carried out following the steps: translation by two sworn translators, from English into Brazilian Portuguese; synthesis of translations; back translation by two native speakers of the English language and fluent in the Brazilian Portuguese language; analysis by expert committee; application of the prefinal version in a pilot study; sending the documentation to the authors of the original Scale. For normalization, 216 infants were evaluated, with a typical development, as evidenced by the history collected in the anamnesis, application of the Communicative Behavior Observation protocol and the Denver II Development Screening Test. The characteristics of the gender and socioeconomic classification of the sample were proportional to the Brazilian reality. A descriptive analysis of the cross-cultural adaptation process and statistical treatment with Mann-Whitney test and Spearman correlation were performed. The normalization of the performance of Brazilian infants in the EDMG III was performed through linear progression from one age group to the next (month to month), using mean and standard deviation values smoothed. The process of cross-cultural adaptation was followed, with the need for minimal adaptations maintaining semantic, idiomatic, experimental and conceptual equivalence. There was no statistically significant difference between boys' and girls' performance; there is a direct and significant correlation between maternal schooling and socioeconomic status; due to the particularities of the sample, no direct correlation was observed between socioeconomic status and performance in the Scale; there was a strong, direct and statistically significant correlation between infant performance in the five subscales. After normalization of the data, it is stated that the Development Age is similar among the subscales, following a pattern of increase in the gross score according to the increase of the chronological age, following the course of the typical development. It was concluded that the transcultural adaptation of the Griffiths Mental Development Scale III from 0 to 72 months was carried out, including the Record Book and the Drawing Book. The normalization of this instrument was completed for the age group from 0 to 24 months, with normative values referring to the Age of Development.(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child Development Disorders, Pervasive/diagnosis , Cognition Disorders/diagnosis , Cross-Cultural Comparison , Neuropsychological Tests/standards , Age Factors , Brazil , Reproducibility of Results , Sex Factors , Socioeconomic Factors , Statistics, Nonparametric
10.
Psychiatry Investigation ; : 174-183, 2016.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-44790

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Oxytocin (OT) has been implicated to play an important role in autism spectrum disorders (ASD) etiology. We aimed to find out the differences in plasma OT levels between children with autism and healthy children, the associations of OT levels with particular autism symptoms and the associations of particular parental autistic traits with their ASD children OT levels. METHODS: We included 19 boys with autism and 44 healthy age-matched boys. OT levels were analyzed by ELISA method. Children with autism were scored by Childhood Autism Rating Scale and Autism Diagnostic Interview (ADI), adjusted research version. Autism Spectrum Quotient (AQ), Systemizing Quotient (SQ) and Empathizing Quotient were completed by parents of children with autism. RESULTS: Children with autism had significantly lower plasma OT levels than controls. OT levels positively correlated with ADI Reciprocal Interaction and Communication scores. AQ and SQ of fathers positively correlated with children plasma OT level. CONCLUSION: Our results support the hypothesis of OT deficiency in autism. The "paradoxical" associations of OT levels and social skills in children with autism indicate disturbances at various levels of OT system. We first reported associations of OT levels in children with autism and behavioral measures in fathers indicating that OT abnormalities stay between parental autistic traits and autism symptoms in their children.


Subject(s)
Child , Humans , Autistic Disorder , Child Development Disorders, Pervasive , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Fathers , Oxytocin , Parents , Plasma
11.
Poiésis (En línea) ; 31: 51-63, 2016.
Article in Spanish | LILACS, COLNAL | ID: biblio-999293

ABSTRACT

En el 2015, el Ministerio Colombiano de Salud y Protección Social, socializó el protocolo de evaluación e intervención para pacientes con Trastorno de espectro autista, aceptando las referencias del DSM-5; este protocolo incluyó técnicas de evaluación e intervención integral, que si bien son significativas, no resultan suficientes para la atención de una población vulnerable con múltiples dificultades. Por tal razón, se ha sugerido continuar con procesos de educación, sensibilización y justificación en un plano científico y político para la comprensión y análisis de una problemática en la que aún no se tiene grandes certezas.


In 2015, the Colombian Ministry of Health and Social Protection, socialized the evaluation and intervention protocol for patients with Autism Spectrum Disorder, accepting DSM-5 references; This protocol included comprehensive evaluation and intervention techniques, which, although significant, are not sufficient for the care of a vulnerable population with multiple difficulties. For this reason, it has been suggested to continue with processes of education, awareness and justification in a scientific and political level for the understanding and analysis of a problem in which we do not yet have great certainties.


Subject(s)
Humans , Autism Spectrum Disorder , Child Development Disorders, Pervasive , Neurodevelopmental Disorders , Mental Disorders , Neuropsychology/methods
13.
Psicol. ciênc. prof ; 35(2): 342-358, Apr-Jun/2015.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-749800

ABSTRACT

Este texto aborda o papel do afeto no desenvolvimento humano, sua implicação na emergência das funções cognitivas superiores, incluindo a linguagem, sua importância como mediador nas relações intersubjetivas e, principalmente, na socialização da criança. Tomamos como referência autores clássicos, como Henri Wallon, e contemporâneos, como Maturana, conjugados sob uma perspectiva desenvolvimentista. Apresentamos, sucintamente, os trabalhos de Daniel N. Stern, cuja teoria da emergência dos sensos de si, compreendidos como perspectivas autônomas para organização da experiência subjetiva, tornou-se referência entre teóricos e clínicos da Psicologia do Desenvolvimento, pela descrição de conceitos tais como a sintonia afetiva, os afetos de vitalidade, a percepção amodal, dentre outros, tão importantes para a compreensão dos processos relacionais humanos. Salientamos, também, as intervenções de base afetiva, visando estimular os processos básicos de interafetividade, compreendidos por serem deficitários em transtornos do desenvolvimento tais como o autismo, enfatizando a sua relevância. Concluímos que a interafetividade é um fator essencial para o desenvolvimento saudável da criança, um agente de socialização, e um poderoso recurso interventivo na clínica...


This paper examines the role of affect, which is the experience of a feeling or emotion, in human development; its implication in the emergence of higher cognitive functions, including language; its importance as a mediator in interpersonal relationships and, specially, in the socialization of children. Henri Wallon and other contemporaries of his, such as Maturana, have examined this topic from a developmental perspective. This paper advances Daniel N. Stern's theory of the senses of self, understood as autonomous perspectives for organizing subjective experiences as referenced in theoretical and clinical developmental psychology for its description of concepts such as affect attunement, vitality affect, and amodal perception, among others, all very important for the comprehension of human relational processes. Further discussed are interventions based on affect stimulation through basic interaffective processes, known to be deficient in developmental disorders such as autism, emphasizing its relevance. We conclude that interaffectivity is an essential factor for healthy child development, an agent of socialization, and a powerful interventional resource in clinical work...


En este trabajo se aborda el papel del afecto en el desarrollo humano, su relevancia en la aparición de las funciones cognitivas superiores, incluso el idioma, y su importancia como mediador en las relaciones interpersonales y principalmente la socialización del niño. Apoyamos este trabajo en autores clásicos, como Henri Wallon, y contemporáneos como Maturana, combinados bajo una perspectiva de desarrollo. Presentamos, en pocas palabras, el trabajo de Daniel N. Stern cuya teoría de la aparición de los sentidos de sí mismo, entendidos como perspectivas autónomas de organización de la experiencia subjetiva, se convirtió en una referencia entre teóricos y clínicos de la Psicología del Desarrollo, mediante la descripción de conceptos como la sintonía afectiva, los afectos de vitalidad, la percepción amodal, entre otros, tan importantes para la comprensión de los procesos relacionales humanos. También hacemos hincapié en las intervenciones de base afectiva para estimular los procesos de interafetividad básica, entendiendo que son deficientes en los trastornos del desarrollo, como el autismo, haciendo hincapié en su importancia. Llegamos a la conclusión de que la interafetividad es un factor esencial para el desarrollo saludable del niño, un agente de socialización, y un recurso de gran alcance en la intervención clínica...


Subject(s)
Humans , Affect , Autistic Disorder , Child Development Disorders, Pervasive , Developmental Disabilities , Human Development , Learning Disabilities
14.
Arq. neuropsiquiatr ; 73(5): 402-407, 05/2015. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-746491

ABSTRACT

Objective To compare visual fixation at social stimuli in Rett syndrome (RT) and autism spectrum disorders (ASD) patients. Method Visual fixation at social stimuli was analyzed in 14 RS female patients (age range 4-30 years), 11 ASD male patients (age range 4-20 years), and 17 children with typical development (TD). Patients were exposed to three different pictures (two of human faces and one with social and non-social stimuli) presented for 8 seconds each on the screen of a computer attached to an eye-tracker equipment. Results Percentage of visual fixation at social stimuli was significantly higher in the RS group compared to ASD and even to TD groups. Conclusion Visual fixation at social stimuli seems to be one more endophenotype making RS to be very different from ASD. .


Objetivo Comparar a fixação visual em estímulos sociais em pacientes com síndrome de Rett (SR) e com transtornos do espectro do autismo (TEA). Método Fixação visual em estímulos sociais foi analisada em 14 pacientes do sexo feminino com SR (idades entre 4 e 30 anos), 11 pacientes do sexo masculino com TEA (idades entre 4 e 20 anos), e 17 crianças do sexo feminino com desenvolvimento típico (DT). Os participantes foram expostos a três figuras diferentes (duas figuras de faces humanas e uma figura contendo estímulo social e não social) apresentadas por 8 segundos cada uma no monitor de um computador acoplado a um equipamento de rastreamento de olhar. Resultados A porcentagem de fixação visual em estímulos sociais foi significativamente maior no grupo SR do que no grupo TEA e mesmo no grupo DT. Conclusão A fixação visual em estímulos sociais parece ser mais um dos endofenótipos que esclarecem as diferenças entre SR e TEA. .


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Male , Young Adult , Child Development Disorders, Pervasive/physiopathology , Eye/physiopathology , Fixation, Ocular/physiology , Rett Syndrome/physiopathology , Visual Perception/physiology , Age Factors , Analysis of Variance , Face , Pilot Projects , Social Perception , Time Factors
15.
Clinics ; 70(4): 278-282, 04/2015. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-747122

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To assess the validity and reliability of the Brazilian Portuguese version of the Brief Assessment of Cognition in Schizophrenia by examining its temporal stability, internal consistency, and discriminant and convergent validity. METHODS: The Brief Assessment of Cognition in Schizophrenia was administered to 116 stable patients with schizophrenia and 58 matched control subjects. To assess concurrent validity, a subset of patients underwent a traditional neuropsychological assessment. RESULTS: The patients with schizophrenia performed significantly worse than the controls (p<0.001) on all subtests of the Brief Assessment of Cognition in Schizophrenia and on the total score, which attests to the discriminant validity of the test. The global score of the Brief Assessment of Cognition in Schizophrenia was significantly correlated with all of the subtests and with the global score for the standard battery. The Brief Assessment of Cognition in Schizophrenia also had good test-retest reliability (rho>0.8). The internal consistency of the Brief Assessment of Cognition in Schizophrenia was high (Cronbach's α  ϝ 0.874). CONCLUSION: The Brazilian Portuguese version of the Brief Assessment of Cognition in Schizophrenia exhibits good reliability and discriminant and concurrent validity and is a promising tool for easily assessing cognitive impairment in schizophrenia and for comparing the performance of Brazilian patients with that of patients from other countries. .


Subject(s)
Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Male , Child Development Disorders, Pervasive/diagnosis , Imitative Behavior , Language Development Disorders/diagnosis , Longitudinal Studies , Nonverbal Communication , Prognosis , Semantics , Speech Production Measurement , Statistics as Topic , Sweden , Vocabulary
16.
Acta Physiologica Sinica ; (6): 113-133, 2015.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-255965

ABSTRACT

During the central nervous system (CNS) development, the interactions between intrinsic genes and extrinsic environment ensure that each neuronal developmental stage (eg. neuronal proliferation, differentiation, migration, axon extension, dendritogenesis and formation of functional synapses) occurs in the proper timing and sequence. The successful coordination requires that numerous groups of genes are exquisitely regulated in a spatiotemporal manner by various regulatory mechanisms, including sequence-specific DNA-binding proteins, histone modifications, DNA methylation, chromatin remodeling, and microRNAs (miRNAs). By targeting chromatin structure, transcription and translation processes, these mechanisms form a regulatory network to accomplish the fine regulation of gene expression in response to environmental stimuli at different developmental stages. Dysregulation of the gene expression during neuronal development has been shown to be implicated in a number of neurodevelopmental disorders, such as autism spectrum disorders (ASD), Rett syndrome (RTT), Fragile-X syndrome (FXS) and other genetic diseases. The further understanding of the regulation of gene expression during neuronal development may provide new approaches for the diagnosis and treatment of these disorders.


Subject(s)
Humans , Cell Differentiation , Child Development Disorders, Pervasive , Genetics , DNA Methylation , DNA-Binding Proteins , Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental , Heredodegenerative Disorders, Nervous System , Genetics , MicroRNAs , Neurons , Pathology , Synapses
17.
Chinese Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics ; (12): 68-71, 2015.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-289467

ABSTRACT

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To examine serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels in children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and to explore the relationship between vitamin D level and ASD.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels were determined by the HPLC-MS/MS method in 117 children with newly diagnosed ASD and 109 healthy controls. Vitamin D status were classified into normal (>30 ng/mL), insufficiency (10-30ng/mL) and deficiency (<10 ng/mL) according to 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Serum level of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (19±9 ng/mL)in children with ASD was significantly lower than that in healthy controls (36±13 ng/mL; P<0.01). The rate of vitamin D insufficiency plus deficiency in the ASD group was significantly higher than in the control group (89.7% vs 52.3%; P<0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Vitamin D insufficiency or deficiency is common in children with ASD and might be as one of the environmental or genetic factors for ASD.</p>


Subject(s)
Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Infant , Male , Child Development Disorders, Pervasive , Blood , Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid , Vitamin D , Blood , Vitamin D Deficiency , Epidemiology
18.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-908107

ABSTRACT

Los pacientes con TGD, presentan un variado abanico de patologías, relacionadas con los trastornos del comportamiento, del lenguaje y del desarrollo. El comportamiento de cada uno de ellos puede ser muy diferente. Es primordial llegar al diagnóstico correcto de las patologías otorrinolaringológicas, hipoacusias de conducción, neurosensoriales, ventilatorias, deglutorias y del lenguaje. Estos pacientes requieren una mayor atención y acompañamiento en la realización de los estudios diagnósticos, en el manejo del niño y su familia en la consulta y en los procedimientos quirúrgicos. Se realizará en este trabajo, un abordaje a esta patología desde todos los aspectos que involucran al otorrinolaringólogo y al equipo multidisciplinario.


Os pacientes com TGD apresentam um variado leque de patologias relacionadas com os transtornos do comportamento, de linguagem e de desenvolvimento. O comportamento de cada um deles pode ser muito diferente. É primordial chegar ao diagnóstico correto das patologias otorrinolaringológicas, hipoacusias de condução, neurossensoriais, ventilatórias, deglutórias e de linguagem. Estes pacientes requerem uma maior atenção e acompanhamento na realização de estudos diagnósticos, na maneira como lidar com a criança e a sua família durante a consulta e nos procedimentos cirúrgicos. Neste trabalho, esta patologia será abordada a partir de todos os aspectos que envolvem o otorrinolaringologista e a equipe multidisciplinar.


Patients with PDD present with a broad spectrum of impairments associated with behavior, language, and development. These patients may behave very differently from each other. Adequate diagnosis of the otolaryngology pathologies, such as conductive or sensorineural hearing loss and ventilation, swallowing, and language disturbances is of utmost importance. These patients and their families require additional care, support, and management strategies during doctor visits, when diagnostic studies are performed, and in the preparation for surgical p Discuss in this paper an approach to this disease from every aspect involving the otolaryngologist and the multidisciplinary team.


Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Child , Child Development Disorders, Pervasive/diagnosis , Child Development Disorders, Pervasive/rehabilitation , Autistic Disorder/diagnosis , Autistic Disorder/rehabilitation , Otolaryngology/methods
19.
Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine ; : 129-135, 2015.
Article in Korean | WPRIM | ID: wpr-74798

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: In children and adolescents, the prevalence of overweight has increased in the last 20 years. little research is available on the prevalence of obesity in children with autism spectrum disorders(ASD). The purpose of our study was to determine the prevalence of overweight among a clinical population of children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorders(ASD). METHODS: Retrospective chart review of children ages 3-18 years seen between 2012 and 2015 at a Konyang University hospital psychiatric clinic. Diagnostic, medical, and demographic information was extracted from the charts. Body mass index(BMI) was calculated from measures of height and weight recorded in the child's chart. The Center for Disease Control's BMI growth reference was used to determine an age and gender-specific BMI z-score for the children. RESULTS: In our study, children with ASD compared to non ASD group had significantly higher BMI percentiles (p=0.032). The prevalence of overweight(BMI≥85th to 95th percentiles) and obesity(BMI≥95th percentiles) was 35% and 19% respectively in children with ASD and without ASD. CONCLUSION: Despite noted limitations, our data suggest that overweight and obesity in children with ASD are more prevalent than without ASD. Longitudinal and further study is needed to examine the factors associated with obesity in this population.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Child , Humans , Autistic Disorder , Child Development Disorders, Pervasive , Obesity , Overweight , Prevalence , Retrospective Studies
20.
Yonsei Medical Journal ; : 705-711, 2015.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-77295

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: We aimed to determine whether Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) would show neural abnormality of the social reward system using functional MRI (fMRI). MATERIALS AND METHODS: 27 ASDs and 12 typically developing controls (TDCs) participated in this study. The social reward task was developed, and all participants performed the task during fMRI scanning. RESULTS: ASDs and TDCs with a social reward learning effect were selected on the basis of behavior data. We found significant differences in brain activation between the ASDs and TDCs showing a social reward learning effect. Compared with the TDCs, the ASDs showed reduced activity in the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, right orbitofrontal cortex, right parietal lobe, and occipital lobe; however, they showed increased activity in the right parahippocampal gyrus and superior temporal gyrus. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that there might be neural abnormality of the social reward learning system of ASDs. Although this study has several potential limitations, it presents novel findings in the different neural mechanisms of social reward learning in children with ASD and a possible useful biomarker of high-functioning ASDs.


Subject(s)
Child , Female , Humans , Male , Brain/physiopathology , Brain Mapping , Case-Control Studies , Child Development Disorders, Pervasive/physiopathology , Functional Neuroimaging/methods , Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods , Neural Pathways/physiopathology , Psychiatric Status Rating Scales , Republic of Korea , Reward , Social Behavior
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